Fig. 1

Divergence of AFP-producing fishes during changing climatic conditions. The relationships between the fishes or fish groups shown, all within the clade Percomorphaceae, were obtained from a time-calibrated phylogeny of almost 2000 fishes [84] or more than 200 labrids [85]. While the majority of the species within this clade do not produce AFPs, only those examined in this study are included (black font). Cartoon graphics of the AFP types generated using PyMOL [87] are shown along each branch. The timing and intensity of the warmest (red) and coldest (blue) climactic periods of the last 125 Ma are indicated above the time scale [83]